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Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, or Medicine

Computing

Natalie Silvanovich, a Tamagotchi hacker. Website.

Alisa Esage Shevchenko, a security expert and hacker. Twitter.

Lynn Conway, invented generalized dynamic instruction handling and worked at IBM. A transgender woman born 1938, she transitioned in 1968 and was fired from IBM for intending to transition. She sought new employment stealth and worked at Xerox PARC.

Science

Shirley Ann Jackson b. 1946, a black American physicist. Research interests include "the electronic, optical, magnetic, and transport properties of novel semiconductor systems."

Alice Ball (July 24, 1892 – December 31, 1916), a black American chemist. Developed a treatment for leprosy. Important publications: The Chemical Constituents of Piper Methysticum (1915).

Nettie Stevens, a white American geneticist. She discovered sex chromosomes.

Maria Cunitz, b. 1610, a Silesian astronomer and creator of the Urania Propitia.

Nicole-Reine Lepaute, b. 1723, a French astronomer and mathematician. Collaborated with Alexis Clairaut and Joseph Lalande to predict the return of Haley's Comet. Clairaut downplayed her involvement in his work; Lalande publicly recognized her.

Wang Zhenyi, b. 1768 a Qing Dynasty Chinese astronomer who wrote on the equinoxes. Important publications: Dispute of the Procession of the Equinoxes.

Marie-Anne Paulze Lavoisier, b. 1758, a French laboratory assistant and technical illustrator of Lavoisier's chemical equipment.

Catherina Elisabetha Koopman Hevelius, b. 1647, an astronomer. Important publications: Prodromus astronomiae.

Katherine Jones, Anglo-Irish creator of medical recipes, member of multiple intellectual circles, as well as a writer on politics. Sister to Robert Boyle.

Caroline Herschel, German astronomer. Discovered 8 new comets.

Susan Hough, white American seismologist. Researched the Haiti earthquake.

Annie Easley, a black American programmer. Worked at NASA.

Mary Sears, a white American oceanographer who assisted in the war effort during World War II.

Mathematics

Maria Gaetana Agnesi, b. 1718, an Italian mathematician who published the first calculus textbook written in Italian.

Inventors

Nancy Maria Donaldson Johnson, b. 1794, an American housewife who was awarded the first US patent for a hand-cranked ice cream freezer in 1843.

Ruane Sharon Jeter, a black American woman who invented a warming cage for bread, a sort of early toaster.

Patricia Bath, a black American ophthalmologist who invented an improved device for laser eye surgery and cataract removal.

Marie Van Brittan Brown, a black American nurse who invented a home security system via television, along with her husband Albert Brown.

Josephine Cochrane, a white American woman who invented the first successful dishwasher.

Sarah Guppy, a white English inventor who patented a bridge design in 1811 and contributed to the design of Thomas Telford’s Menai Bridge. She invented other things as well (improved candlestick holder), details of which are scarce.

Melitta Bentz, a white German woman who invented the paper coffee filter.

Proto- or pre-science

Enheduanna, 2285-2250 BCE, Mesopotamia, overseer of agricultural activity on temple lands and manager of a liturgical calendar based on phases of the moon.

Hypatia, born 350–370 AD, Alexandria, Egypt, part of Roman Empire, a mathematician and astronomer.

Peseshet, Old Kingdom ancient Egyptian physician, 'lady overseer of lady physicians.'